被動語態 Passive Voice

        Passive voice

被動式練習

1.現在式簡單

Mary helps the boy.

----.> The boy is helped by Mary.

2. 過去式簡單

Mary helped the boy.

----> The boy was helped by Mary.

3. 未來式簡單

Mary will help the boy.

----> The boy will be helped by Mary.

Mary is going to help the boy.

----> The boy is going to be helped by Mary.

4. 現在進行

Mary is helping the boy.

---->The boy is being helped by Mary.

5. 過去進行

Mary was helping the boy.

---->The boy was being helped by Mary.

6. 現在完成

Mary has helped the boy.

----> The boy has been helped by Mary.

7. 過去完成

Mary had helped the boy.

----> The boy had been helped by Mary.

8. 未來完成

Mary will have helped the boy.

----> The boy will have been helped by Mary.

現在該你練習                                                    

題目:改寫下面兩個句子~用上面八種時態,各寫18個句子

題目1: Tom opens the door.

題目2: I cook dinner.

·                                  

Harry Potter第一章用到被動式的句子

Text of Chapter One 第一章原文
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwQmTim0yjvBRWRrQ1dybnloSmNwUUhTbEwyT0RTX01JWE9B/view?usp=sharing

P4

*Come to think of it, he wasn't even sure his nephew was called Harry.

P5

*He didn't seem at all upset at being almost knocked to the ground.

*He had been hugged by a complete stranger.

*He also thought he had been called a Muggle...

P6

*When Dudley had been put to bed, he went into the living room in time to catch the last report on the evening news:

*Although owls normally hunt at night and are hardly ever seen in daylight, there have been hundreds of sightings of these birds flying in every direction since sunrise.

P9

*But he did seem to realize he was being watched, because he looked up suddenly at the cat, which was still staring at him from the other end of the street.

P14

*He looked simply too big to be allowed,

P15

*"No, sir -- house was almost destroyed, but I got him out all right before the Muggles started swarmin'(這裡用直接轉述法,Hagrid 的發音不正確)(swarming) around.

*"Yes, yes, it's all very sad, but get a grip on yourself, Hagrid, or we'll be found," Professor McGonagall whispered, patting Hagrid gingerly on the arm as Dumbledore stepped over the low garden wall and walked to the front door.

P17

......not knowing he was special, not knowing he was famous, not knowing he would be woken in a few hours' time by Mrs. Dursley's scream as she opened the front door to put out the milk bottles, nor that he would spend the next few weeks being prodded and pinched by his cousin Dudley...

以上大概是第一章我粗略找到的被動式語態

如果你找到更多的話,跟我說喔

如果有興趣的話,可以試所有12種時態的被動式,雖然有四種句型很少用到,但對於時態的運用是蠻不錯的練習

Ex. Future Perfect Continuous

   will have been + Ving 改成 will have been being + p.p.

Ex. They will have been painting the house by the time I get there. 

改成被動式

      The house will have been being painted (by them) by the time I get there.

大概只限於紙上練習吧~很少人會這麼說英語的

	Active Voice 主動式	Passive Voice 被動式
Simple Present Past Future	V/ Vs, es Ved will+ V /be going to+ V	am/is/are                          + pp was/were                          + pp will be/be going to be      + pp
Continuous Present Past Future	am/is/are             +Ving was/were            + Ving will be                + Ving	am/is /are             + being + pp was/were             + being + pp will be                  + being + pp***
Perfect Present Past Future	have/ has            + pp   had                     + pp  will have            + pp	have/ has               + been + pp had                        + been + pp will have               + been + pp
Perfect Continuous Present Past Future	have/ has    + been + Ving   had              + been + Ving will have     + been + Ving	have/ has         + been + being + pp *** had                  + been + being + pp *** will have          + been + being + pp ***

以上4個 ***的被動式句型,現代美語少用.

Practice what you have learned.

Change the sentences from Active to Passive Voice.

請將以下Active Voice 改成 Passive Voice                             

1. He loves me.

2. Pablo Picasso painted "Guernica" in 1937.

3. The students will complete the homework tomorrow.

4. Millions of people are watching the TV show.

5. Ms. Jones was correcting our assignments when we arrived.

6. John will be studying English in his room when they come.

7. The bank has already sent the money electronically.

8. People had eaten all the food when I arrived at the potluck dinner.

9. By the time we arrive at the concert hall, they will have given out all the free tickets.

10. Mary has been cooking dinner for two hours.

11. A power failure occurred last month.

Answer key

解答:                                                           

                            

1. He loves me.

  I am loved by him.

2. Pablo Picasso painted "Guernica" in 1937.

  "Guernica" was painted by Pablo Picasso in 1937.

3. The students will complete the homework tomorrow.

  The homework will be completed by the students tomorrow.

4. Millions of people are watching the TV show.

  The TV show is being watched by Millions of people.

5. Ms. Jones was correcting our assignments when we arrived.

  Our assignments were being corrected by Ms. Jones when we arrived.

6. John will be studying English in his room when they come.

  English will be being studied by John in his room when they come

7. The bank has already sent the money electronically.

  The money has already been sent electronically by the bank.

8. People had eaten all the food when I arrived at the potluck dinner.

  All the food had been eaten when I arrived at the potluck dinner.

9. By the time we arrive at the concert hall, they will have given out all the free tickets.

  1. All the free tickets will have been given out by the time we arrive at the concert  hall.

  2. By the time we arrive at the concert hall, all the free tickets will have been given out.

10. Mary has been cooking dinner for two hours.

  Dinner has been being cooked for two hours by Mary.

11. A power failure occurred last month.

  無被動式

  ***只有Transitive Verb 可以改成被動式

   Make sure the verb you have chosen can be used in the passive voice by checking your dictionary to find out whether or not the verb is transitive or intransitive.

Intransitive Verb cannot be made Passive Voice   不及物動詞沒有被動式

例如: arrive, exist, stay, occur agree...

Ex. 1. It is possible that life is existed on planets other than ours. (incorrect) (錯)

     It is possible that life exists on planets other than ours. (correct) (對)  

                        

Ex. 2. His point of view was agreed by me. (incorrect) (錯)

     I agreed with his point of view. (correct) (對) 

及物動詞之後要有受詞	不及物動詞之後沒有受詞
People eat food. I enjoy music. Jack will need a passport.	Boys run. Fish swim Children cry.

             

有些動詞可同時為及物動詞和不及物動詞                 

及物 People eat food. John drives a car. They are studying English.

不及物 People eat. John drives. They are studying.

The Stative Passive 表示狀態的被動式   be/seem/appear/feel...+ pp

唸英文文法最重要的是理解後能運用自如,譬如以下幾個表示狀態的被動式句子

* Rice is grown in Taiwan.

* Our house was built in 1974.

* Chocolate is made from the seeds of roasted cocoa beans.

* Gold was discovered in California in 1848.

* I feel exhausted.

* He seems confused.

* She appeared surprised.

畫底線的部分,我們可以說是被動語態,但也可以說是 "動詞 + 形容詞" (這個部分的grammar, 請看 Verb Form 裡分詞 Participles 部分)

到底是被動語態還是動詞+形容詞呢? 都對, 看你喜歡從哪個角度去分析

Advanced Passive Voice

進階被動語態文法

If the following Passive Voice gives you headache, leave it. You can always come back to study after you learn the specific grammar point.

以下的Passive Voice, 如果看得頭昏就算了,可以等到唸完各 grammar point 之後再回來看

Passive Voice of Conditional Verb Phrases

假設語氣的被動式

	Examples
Factual/Real conditional 未來或現在可能發生的事	I know if I make a mistake, I will be forgiven (by you).
Hypothetical/Unreal conditional (present or future) 與現在或未來事實相反的假設	If the gift were shipped today, it would arrive tomorrow. If the English test were postponed, I would be very relieved.
Hypothetical/Unreal conditional (past) 與過去事實相反的假設	If the English test had been postponed, I would've had a wonderful day.

假設語氣請看這裡 http://learningenglishwithharrypotter.blogspot.com/2015/03/conditional-sentences_26.html

 Passive Voice of Modal Verb Phrases

情態助動詞的被動式

	Example
現在式 Present: Modal + be + pp	Personal belongings should not be left unattended in the airport. I am afraid that the date might be changed.
過去式 Past: Modal + have been + pp	Do you think this box might have been delivered to you by mistake? It is possible that the flight could have been delayed.

情態助動詞請看這裡 http://learningenglishwithharrypotter.blogspot.com/2015/04/modals.html

Passive Voice of Infinitives

不定詞的被動式

	Example
現在式 Present: to + be + pp	The teacher arranged for the test to be given on Tuesday. He expects to be laid off soon because his company is having financial problems.
過去式 Past: to + have been + pp	The letter was supposed to have been sent yesterday.

Passive Voice of Gerunds

動名詞的被動式

	Example
現在式 Present: being + pp	He doesn't like being called John instead of Jack. I appreciate being invited to this event.
過去式 Past: having + been + pp	I don't mind having been called strange. I appreciate having been told the news.

Passive Voice of Participles

分詞的被動式

	Example
現在式 Present: base form+-ing + pp	Feeling supported by him, I no longer felt nervous.
過去式 Past: having been + pp	Having been accepted for the position, he decided to have a celebration.