假設語氣 (Conditional Sentences)
未來或現在可能發生的事 (Factual/ Real conditional)
公式
if 子句----> 一律現在式
主要子句----> 未來式 (Ex. 1, 2)
現在式 (Ex. 3)
祈使句 (Ex. 4)
*記住公式最好的方法是套用自己的句子,然後把句子背起來
*Memorize a set of your own hypothetical/ Factual conditional sentences to use as a guide in your own writing.
Ex. 1. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
Ex. 2. If Stephanie has time on the weekend, she may come to the party.
Ex. 3. I get drowsy if I take an allergy pill.
Ex. 4. If Mick comes later, tell him to wait.
Harry Potter 第一章裡"未來或現在可能發生的事"的句子
第一章原文https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwQmTim0yjvBRWRrQ1dybnloSmNwUUhTbEwyT0RTX01JWE9B/view?usp=sharing
第一章原文https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwQmTim0yjvBRWRrQ1dybnloSmNwUUhTbEwyT0RTX01JWE9B/view?usp=sharing
p 11
It all gets so confusing if we keep saying "You-Know-Who."
p 14
If the motorcycle was huge, it was nothing to the man sitting astride it.
(並不是所有含if的句子都是假設語氣,這裡的if-clause是副詞子句)
*Every Conditional Sentence is a Adverb Clause.
(所有的假設語氣,都是副詞子句的一種)
*Every Conditional Sentence is a Adverb Clause.
(所有的假設語氣,都是副詞子句的一種)
與現在事實相反的假設 (Hypothetical/ Unreal conditional) (present)
句型
If + 主詞 + be動詞用were /或 一般動詞用過去式 ... ,
主詞 + would/could/ should/might + 原形V
Ex. 5. If I were you, I would go to the English class on Wednesdays.
(因為我不是你,所以我不會去,但我希望你去)
Ex. 6. I would have money if I didn't spend so much on traveling.
(這是我的習慣,雖然用過去式,但講的是現在的事實: 因為我愛旅行的習慣,我沒錢啦!)
*Remember that, in a conditional sentence, a past verb form does not always mean past time, but may indicate a hypothetical condition.
請注意,在假設語氣中,動詞過去式並不見得說的是過去時間
Harry Potter 第一章裡"與現在事實相反的假設"的句子
p 2
They didn't think they could bear it if anyone found out about the Potters.
p 2
The Dursleys shuddered to think what the neighbors would say if the Potters arrived in the street.
p 8
If it did... if it got out that they were related to a pair of -- well, he didn't think he could bear it..
p 9
If anyone looked out of their window now, even beady-eyed Mrs. Dursley, they wouldn't be able to see anything that was happening down on the pavement.
p 10
"A fine thing it would be if, on the very day YouKnow-Who seems to have disappeared at last, the Muggles found out about us all.
p 15
Even if I could, I wouldn't.
與過去事實相反的假設 (Hypothetical/ Unreal conditional) (past)
句型
If + 主詞 + had + p.p.,
主詞 + {would/ could/ should/ might} + have + p.p.
Ex. 7. If you had taken medicine last night, you would have felt better.
(可是因為你昨晚沒吃藥,所以你才會這麼不舒服)
(would've的發音為 would of, 很多美國人考試時會寫成would of)
Harry Potter第一章裡"與過去事實相反的假設"的句子
p 3
If he hadn't, he might have found it harder to concentrate on drills that morning.
p 5
if he'd had a sister like that..
Ex. 8. I would have money if I hadn't spent so much on traveling.
(這句可跟 Ex. 6比較)
(這一句我沒錢的原因是我以前旅行花了太多錢) (這個習慣已是過去式)
(由這個句子我們可知公式不是死的
I would have money 用的是與現在事實相反的假設
if I hadn't spent...用的是與過去事實相反的假設
=====>>>過去的事實導致現在的結果)
試試看造個句子
Ex. 9. If I had studied hard when I was a student, my English could be much better now.
只要能融會貫通以上三種句型,就不需要再多背下面這個公式
過去的事實導致現在的結果
句型
If + 主詞 + had + p.p. + 過去式時間,
主詞 + {would/ should/ could/ might} +原形動詞 + now
Harry Potter第一章裡"過去的事實導致現在的結果"的句子
p 10
"You'd be stiff if you'd been sitting on a brick wall all day," said Professor McGonagall.
Passive Voice of Conditional Verb Phrases 假設語氣裡的被動式
Examples (被動)
|
Examples (主動)
| |
Factual conditional
未來或現在可能發生的事
|
If Ben makes a mistake, he is corrected by his friend.
|
If Ben makes a mistake, his friend corrects him.
|
Hypothetical conditional
(present)
與現在事實相反的假設
|
If the computer software were shipped tonight, it would arrive tomorrow. (was becomes were in the if-clause 別忘了將if子句裡的was 改成 were)
|
If they shipped the computer software tonight, it would arrive tomorrow.
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Hypothetical conditional
(past)
與過去事實相反的假設
|
If the dam had not been repaired, we would have had a flood last spring
|
If they had not repaired the dam, we would have had a flood last spring.
|
更多Passive Voice 被動語態請看這
Harry Potter第一章裡"假設語氣被動式"的句子
p 13
I wouldn't be surprised if today was known as Harry Potter day in the future.
這裡對假設語氣有很詳盡的解釋
English page
中文 (潔西家)
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